For me the number one criteria for buying an iPod is audio quality. Some people will go for looks, size, or battery life, but for me it’s simply a matter of which iPod sounds the best – not just through the headphones but also into my stereo.

This article discusses the reasons for the difference in quality of the sound output of the various models of iPods and iPhones, which iPod sounds the best, and why.

Firstly, The Results:

First place goes to the 5th Gen iPod.

(Be careful not to confuse this with the 6th generation ipod called Apple iPod ‘Classic’ which looks almost identical. The 6th Gen has the aluminium front.)

First place: the 5th Gen ipod family including ipod 5th gen and 5th gen enhanced with plastic front case. A1136

Second place goes to the good old 4th Generation iPod family including iPod photo, iPod colour and U2 edition iPod.

Second place: The 4th Gen ipod family including ipod photo, ipod color and ipod U2 edition. A1059 and A1099.

Third place for best audio quality – the first generation Nano!

Third place: the 1st generation nano! A1137

Which iPod sounds the best?

Last holidays I was driving along listening to U2 on my iPhone 3GS. I wanted to change to a different song that was on my nano and instantly I noticed the sound quality was much better than on the iPhone. I have since done some side-by-side tests using the same song on the iPhone 3GS and the iPod nano and the iPod Nano definitely has better quality audio. It has better bass response and is not so harsh in the high-end.

There are two main things that contribute to the sound quality of an ipod. One is the audio chip that is used, the  other are the components along the audio path from the audio chip to the headphone jack -  a mixture of op-amps, capacitors, resistors and inductors.

The best iPods are those that use the Audio chips from the Scottish company Wolfson. It turns out my nano has a wolfson – the iPhone 3Gs does not.

the best iPods are those with a Wolfson audio chip

Which iPods have a wolfson?

All the early iPods up to 5G used Wolfson chips, this includes the 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, iPod photo and iPod 5G and 5.5G. (G refers to generation, not Gigabytes!) This stopped with the 6th gen ‘Classic’ ipod.

The first generation iPod nano, iPod Touch 1G and 2G, and iPod mini all use Wolfson audio chips. The 2nd-6th gen nano do not, nor does the shuffle.

The first generation iPhone and the iPhone 3G also used a Wolfson chip. The 3GS and 4 don’t.

The sound quality depends on more than just the chip that is used, but the consensus is that Wolfson chips have superior sound quality compared with the devices that use the later Cirrus chips. Of all the iPods that use the wolfson chips, the 5th generation iPods appear to be the best, followed by the 4th Generation iPods.

Surprisingly the Shuffle is reportedly the best of the non-wolfson iPods. I can verify this – I have a shuffle model A1204 and it sounds much better than my iPod touch 2G, though not as good as a nano.

My fairly new iPhone  4S or  iPad2 doest have a Wolfson chip, but the iPhone 4s still sounds pretty good!  It’s rumoured  that with the iPhone 5 Apple will be returning to the Wolfson chips.

So if you want the best possible audio quality, try and get hold of one of the fifth generation iPods – model number A1136.  This includes the iPod 5G, iPod U2 5G, iPod 5th Gen enhanced and iPod 5th Gen with video.

Red Wine Audio offer mods of the 4th gen and 5th gen iPods for US$250 where they will replace the output section of the iPod with high quality Black Gate NX-Hi-Q capacitors (you supply your own ipod).  The ipod will no longer be able to drive headphones – the headphone jack becomes a line-out.  According to onheadphones.com the output audio quality rivals that of $1500 CD-players, with improves bass response and clear high end. They only offer these mods on the iPod 4G and 5G. (There is an excellent forum here on how to do the mod yourself!)

In summary, if you want the best quality audio…

The Good
iPod 5G (wolfson WM8758)
iPod 4G (wolfson WM8975)
iPod nano 1G (wolfson 8975), iPhone 1G, iPod touch 1G (wolfson WM8758), iPod classic 1G 2G 3G  (wolfson WM 8721),  iPod mini (wolfson  8731),  iPhone 4S

The OK
The first generation Shuffle
iPhone 3G, 4, iPod touch 2G

The Ugly
(Not really ugly – but not as good as the above!)

iPhone3GS

All newer ipods: Nano 2G-6G, iPod Shuffle, iPod mini 2G, iPod Classic 6G & 7G.

Conclusion:

If you want good audio in an iPhone the current iPhones (4, 4S) are the best.

If you are after good audio in an iPod the older ones are the best. (especially the 4th and 5th Gen classic era)

Wolfson chip in an iPhone

Unfortunately none of the Wolfson powered iPods are still for sale from Apple new, but you can pick them up from ebay second hand fairly easily.

On a final note, here’s some frequency response graphs (of recording and playback). Look at how bad the low frequency roll-off is on the iPhone 3Gs. It’s -3dB (half the output power) at 200Hz – no wonder it sounds so thin. The iPhone 4 response is a slight improvement over the 3GS. Flat is good – so the original iPhone wins! 3G bad at high frequencies, 3GS bad at low. So for listening the original iPhone and the 4S  are the best, but the original iPhone is much better for recording. The 3GS is terrible.

iPhone frequency response from faber acoustical 1st: iPhone Last:iPhone3GS

Now don’t get me wrong – the iPods and iPhones are still great music players.  Comparing the iPhone with other phones is like comparing apples with oranges. Even the 3GS – the worst iPhone –  leaves most other phones for dead in terms of music quality. But comparing apples with apples, first prize goes to the 5th Generation iPod, with the 4G iPod a close second.

Of course if you want better than ipod quality you might try  5G or 4G with the red wine mod.

Further reading on iPhone audio:

http://www.gsmarena.com/latest_features-review-171p2.php

http://www.gsmarena.com/apple_iphone_4s-review-665p5.php

Other notes: Cambridge Audio and Harman Kardon use Wolfson DAC chips in their CD players. Pioneer, NAD and Onkyo use wolfson in some of their CD players. Marantz use Cirrus Range. It’s not just about the chip – the other audio components will make a difference too.

http://www.lampizator.eu/lampizator/REFERENCES/Cambridge%20Azur/Cambridge%20Audio%20Azur%20640C%20ALmpizator.html

http://www.polkaudio.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-100139.html

http://www.vasiltech.nm.ru/files/cd-players/CD-Player-DAC-Transport.htm

It was all very easy when you had one iPod and one computer. But what do you do when you have an iPhone, 4 iPods, and three computers in the same household? Can you sync multiple computers to one iPod or vice versa?

There are various third-party applications to allow an iPod to sync with two different computers or to sink the library of two different computers together, but I’m going to talk about how to do it the Apple way…

If you have one computer, you can synchronise any number of iPhone’s or iPods to that computer. Just plug them in and when prompted say yes, I’d like to sync this ipod to this computer. If you select your iPod in iTunes, and select the Music tab, and then under settings select the “Entire music library” option, all the songs on your computer will be available on all your iPod or iPhones. Also, any songs that you purchase from iTunes on your iPhone will be synced back to your computer, and then passed on to the other iPod or iPhones. If for some reason this does not work, if you control click (left button click) on your iPhone in iTunes and then you will find a special menu item to manually transfer the purchased items across.

In other words syncing between multiple iPods and iPhones to a single computer works really well.

Going from one iPod/iPhone to multiple computers is more of a problem. If you have the “Entire music library” sync option checked, you can only sync your iPod or iPhone to one computer. This seems to be Apple’s way of stopping you pirating songs from one computer to another one.

So the Apple way of doing things is to choose which computer each iPhone or iPod will be synced with and just sync it to that one computer.

If you have two computers in your house, and you want to share your music between them, you simply have to go to your iTunes preferences and turn on library sharing as follows (this is with Snow Leopard) :

This will share all the music from one computer to any other computers on the same network – but both computers need to be turned on WITH ITUNES OPEN! This can be a bit of a downer if one computer is happens to be out in your study and it is your main one, so Apple have an option for you to transfer purchases from one computer to the other.

On your second computer, go into iTunes, turn on sharing, and your iTunes library should appear on your second computer like this:

There will be now two new buttons on the bottom right hand side of your iTunes library that control the copying of songs from your first computer to your second computer. The buttons look like this:

You can manually import songs by selecting the song and clicking on import, or you can automatically import purchased songs by clicking the settings button and selecting them:

Once you have this syncing working, you don’t need to have your first computer on to access the songs that were purchased on it. Of course you will have to make a decision as to whether you want all the songs from your first computer transferred across to your second one and taking up valuable hard drive space, or whether you want to manually transfer just some of the songs across.

SUMMARY: You can sync multiple iPods and iPhones to one computer and all the purchased songs will transfer across automatically. You can share libraries between different Macintosh computers. What you can’t do is synchronise one iPod or iPhone to different computers. If you don’t have snow leopard, you can do everything mentioned above except for the sinking of iTunes purchases between computers. The import and settings button were only added to iTunes in snow leopard.

1. Open iTunes.
2. Go to the ‘store’ page.
3. If you are signed in, sign out of itunes store (Click sign out on the menu above the top right of the iTunes store window in iTunes)
4. Select the country.
5. Go to app store.
6. Buy any FREE ipod application.
7. Click on create new account.
8. Under payment method select none as follows:

That’s it.
You can continue the signup process and you will have an account without a Credit Card linked to it.

SUMMARY:To get an iTunes account without a credit card you need to be logged out on my tunes, purchase a free iPhone app, and select none under payment options.

It’s a two step process..

Firstly you rip the file from the DVD player and convert it to a small MP4 movie.

Then you copy the movie into itunes. Here’s how to do it step by step.

1. RIP THE MOVIE FROM THE CD:

Download a free program called handbrake from here.

Then:
1. Put in a DVD in your drive.
2. Run handbrake.
3. Select the DVD.
4. Select then the iPod preset on the right column. (You need to do this as the ipod will only recognise certain formats of movies.)
5. Press the start button.
6. Wait a few hours for it to finish!

( For more detailed instructions on handbrake see here)
There should now be a file on your desktop which is an ipod version of the movie.

2. COPY IT TO ITUNES 

1. Run itunes.
2. From the ‘File’ Menu select ‘Import’.

3. Browse to the file you created in the step above (see the picture below) and ‘Choose’.

It will now import the movie into itunes, and should copy to your ipod automatically next time you sync with your ipod.

Well, I’m on a bit of a run here with my new samsung D900 mobile phone, the latest being what are the best settings to compress a movie to watch on my phone. The phones resolution is 320×240, which I think is similar to an ipod. I use Handbrake to encode DVD’s, you can also use these settings to export from Quicktime pro, but Handbrake is free.

FILE FORMAT: MP4
CODECS: MPEG-4/AAC Audio

VIDEO:
OUTPUT: 320×240 You may need to CROP to get the aspect ratio right, for example, 150 or so pixels off each side, depending on the original. Just play with the crop settings till the picture looks OK and not stretched.
FRAMERATE: 15 frames per seconds (fps) (Normal framerate is 25fps, but it’s hard to notice this slower framerate except for panning which is a bit staggered.)
AVERAGE VIDEO BITRATE: 200kbps (Any lower and you start to notice a decrease in quality. I tested 850, 500, 300, 250, 150 and 100kbps.)
2-pass encoding
AUDIO:
FORMAT: AAC
BITRATE: 128kbps.  (At 96 I could notice a discernable decrease in audio quality.)

I saved this under a profile called ‘phone’ and it works well. A 2 hour movie takes about 12 hours to encode, but comes out at about 500MB and is almost perfect quality on the small screen.

Well you can do a google image search for your album and then drag the resulting image onto your empty ‘playing now’ artwork.

Or you might try these sites:

http://www.rateyourmusic.com (you will need to register)

http://www.slothradio.com/covers/

http://www.cdcovers.cc/

As soon as you plug your ipod shuffle into your mac for the first time, iTunes will automatically open, and you will get a message that iTunes has found your ipod, and what name do you want to give your ipod.

If this does not happen make sure you have itunes 7 installed.

So you’ve made an mp3 file, and you want to turn it into a podcast. Here’s how.

A podcast is simply a small file called an ‘RSS feed’ that points to the audio (mp3) file that you want to podcast.

You can then go one step further and submit it to itunes to make it an official Apple podcast. The  RSS feed file can be registered with any podcast site, but this post describes how to do it with the Apple iTunes site..

How it works
When someone clicks on the podcast icon in itunes, it takes them to the Apple itunes podcast site. The Apple site then points their iTunes to the RSS file, which then points to the mp3 file that contains the audio. It sounds complicated, but it’s really just a series of little signposts that eventually point to the mp3 file.

So as you can see, we need to do this in reverse order to make a podcast. Firstly put the mp3 file up, then create an RSS feed that points to the mp3 file, and then register this RSS feed with Apple.

So really the audio file alone is not the podcast, the rss file is not the podcast, the itunes store is not the podcast. The podcast is really the whole set of signposts that allows your ipod to find the mp3 file automatically.
The advantage of a podcast is that all the audio files are easy to find because even though they are scattered over the web,  their descriptions are centralised into the iTunes store. Also the process of downloading them once you are subscribed is automatic.

Let’s look at how to do it step by step.

1. Put up the mp3 file

The first set is to make an mp3 file (eg via ‘itunes’) and then place it on the internet somewhere using an ftp program (‘cyberduck’ is a good ftp program). You will need an account on a webserver to do this. This is dealt with elsewhere on ‘How to put a file on the internet’). The file will be called something like ‘talk1.mp3′ and it will be at a location somethign like ‘http://mywebsite.com.au/talks/talk1.mp3′. For our example we used the real file called ’20060212.mp3′ which we put on the web at at http://sermons.dpc.org.au/1john/20060212.mp3

2. Make an RSS file that points to the mp3 file

Now we need to make an RSS file that will point the the mp3 file to tell the podcast directory (in this case, the apple itunes podcast directory) where to find the mp3 file. There are hundreds of programs to make an RSS feed (eg ‘feedforall’) , but it’s hard finding a free one! Vodcaster looks good but it’s only for tiger. One good free one is at http://www.phelios.net/rss-writer.html it’s easy to use. The program will ask for information like the name of the mp3 file, artist, title of webcast etc, and it will put all this information into a file called an RSS file, which it will save to your hard drive. The program will give the file an extension of .xml So we called ours dpc and it was saved as ‘dpc.xml’

3. Put the RSS file somewhere on the web

It doesn’t matter where. We uploaded ours to http://sermons.dpc.org.au/dpc.xml

4. Register the podcast with itunes

The last step is to let itunes know where the rss file is kept. Open up itunes, and click on the ‘podcasts’ icon. Down the bottom click on ‘podcasts directory’. This will take you to apple’s podcast page on the itunes music store. There is a link called ‘Submit a Podcast’ which you can click on. It will ask you for the podcast feed url. This is the address of the rss fiel you just created. (Eg http://sermons.dpc.org.au/dpc.xml) Paste the address and click continue. Unfortunately you need to then enter your apple ID, you’ll need to register with apple to get one, it doesn’t cost anything, it’s not a .mac membership, just an apple id. Apple will send an email telling you when the podcast has been approved. It may take an hour or two.

5. Subscribe to the podcast

You should now be able to find your podcast on the ituens webpage. Go to itunes, podcasts, podcasts directory. There is a box to search for a podcast. Type in part of the name of your podcast (eg I might type in ‘Dubbo’) and click ‘search all podcasts’. It will display all the matches, in our case, 1 match – ‘DPC BibleTalks’. Click on subscribe to subscribe ot the podcast. You are now subscribed to the podcast!

6. Link to the podcast

Now the final step is to link to your new podcast from a webpage. Open itunes podcasts and next to your subscibed podcast title is a little right arrow. Click on this and it wil take you to the itunes homepage for your podcast.

If you right click on the podcast entry down the bottom, there is an option called ‘Copy itunes Music Store URL’. Click this and then it will copy the URL to the clipboard. You can then paste this into your homepage or email it to your friends. Ours was http://phobos.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?id=121967957&s=143460&i=2214949

If you click on this it will open itunes and take you to our newly created podcast!

Last year I bought 5 non-working ipods from ebay and fixed up 4 of them. It was not to hard, but there was a couple of tricks. I’ve finally found some time to write up the hard bits, just in case anyone is interested, so here goes. This is not for you to try at home, lest you break your ipod!
The hardest part is opening the case.

I found the best tool was part of a stanley knife blade, the type that you break when it gets blunt. You can see the kind of blade I mean in the picture below. Two segments of the blade are carefuly inserted into the side of the ipod, at the angle seen in this picture.

When they are pushed down a little, the metal case opens a little. Then a third can be inserted in the middle. Then add a fourth fifth and sixth in parallel with the first three to force it a little more, the gap opens a little more with each blade inserted, until it finally pops open on one side like this:

Now you insert the blades into the top, above the hold switch and near the headphone jack symbol, careful not to push in too far and damage any wires with the blade. The case then pops open as follows:

The metal back is now separate to the plastic front, but be careful, the headphone jack and hold switch are part of the metal base – have a look at the pictures below.The white square in the red circle is the connector, it needs to be very cafefully prised apart with the knife blade. I used the long knife blade in the first picture above to do this.

Now the plastic case and metal back will separate apart. From the picture below, you can see the hard drive sits on top of the unit. It pivots on the right, but if you pivot it and try to lift it you will porbably break the connector, so you have to carefully insert part of a hacksaw blade (see left photo) in the gap between the HD connector and the main PCB board. Pivot this hacksaw blade down (right picture) and the HD connector will pop open, allowing you to remove it. The third picture (bottom) shows me pressing the connector together as I re-assemble the ipod. The connector is under my pointer finger, it needs to be moved around till it clicks into place, then firmly pressed.

The battery and main board just pull off and there are some small torx screws. There is a little connector that connects to the front that is tricky and needs to be prised apart with a blade, as seen below.

Happy ipod-ing, and I hope you never need to do this!

DIAGNOSTIC MODE:

If you press down the two middle buttons, menu and play, the ipod will reset. When the apple logo appears hold down the other three buttons (forward, back and the botton in the middle of the wheel). When the screen goes blank, release and you will be in diagnostic mode, with this menu:

A. 5 IN 1

B. RESET

C. KEY

etc

They select with right and left, not the scrollwheel. Some handy ones are:
D tests the audio, handy if the HD is not working but you want to check the audio section,

H tests the power circuits,
I tests the scrollwheel,
J tests the screen,
L tests the RAM, and
O tests the Hard Drive.